Mathematical Definition
Input Domain
It can define into any input domain but it’s usually evaluates on the hypercube xi∈[-500,500] for 𝑖=1,…,𝑑. i=1,…,d.
Global Minima
It has global minimum value 𝑓(𝑥∗)=0, at x∗ = (420.9687,…,420.9687)
Description and Features
The schwefel function is continuous function.
The schwefel function is complex function.
The function can be defined on n - dimensional space.
The schwefel function is multimodal.
Python Implementation
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from numpy import *
from numpy import meshgrid
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
def schwefel( x1,x2):
return 418.9829*2 - x1 * sin( sqrt( abs( x1 )))-x2*sin(sqrt(abs(x2)))
x1=linspace(-500,500)
x2=linspace(-500,500)
r_min,r_max=-500,500
x1,x2=np.meshgrid(x1,x2)
results=schwefel(x1,x2)
figure=plt.figure()
axis=figure.gca(projection='3d')
axis.plot_surface(x1,x2,results,color='green')
axis.plot_wireframe(x1,x2,results,color='rgb')
axis.set_xlabel('X')
axis.set_ylabel('Y')
axis.set_zlabel('Z')
plt.show()
References:
[1] Jamil, Momin, and Xin-She Yang. "A literature survey of benchmark functions for global optimization problems." International Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Optimization 4.2 (2013): 150-194.